Fidelity and efficiency analysis for heralded entanglement swapping in lossy channels: Linear and nonlinear optical approaches
Physical Review A (2025)
Bell-state measurements are essential for linking quantum information between different locations in a network. Traditional methods using linear optics need perfectly identical photons and can make errors when extra unwanted photons are present, lowering reliability.
A newer approach, detailed in this paper, uses nonlinear optics to better filter these errors using a process called sum-frequency generation. This method improves accuracy without needing to discard results afterward.
The research team compared the two methods in realistic conditions and showed that advances in nanophotonics could make the newer, high-accuracy approach practical for real-world quantum networks.
The paper’s authors are Kejie Fang and Elizabeth Goldschmidt, who conducted their work at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.